PPSC Provincial Management Service (PMS) Phase-II Solved Past Paper 2026

Correct Answer: Sana Mir

Sana Mir, former Pakistan women's cricket captain and a legendary all-rounder, was inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame in 2023, becoming the first Pakistani woman to receive this honor.

Correct Answer: Sultan Azlan Shah Hockey Cup

Pakistan reached the final of the Sultan Azlan Shah Hockey Cup, a prestigious annual international field hockey tournament held in Malaysia, demonstrating Pakistan's return to competitive hockey.

Correct Answer: George Foreman

George Foreman, two-time world heavyweight boxing champion and Olympic gold medalist, passed away on November 2, 2024, leaving a legendary legacy in professional boxing.

Correct Answer: Land monitoring and precision agriculture

Pakistan's HS-1 hyperspectral satellite was launched to support land surface monitoring and precision agriculture by capturing detailed spectral data that helps identify crop health, soil conditions, and land use patterns.

Correct Answer: China

China is the largest source of FDI in Pakistan, primarily driven by the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which involves billions of dollars in infrastructure, energy, and industrial investment.

Correct Answer: Arif Habib Group

Following the Pakistani government's privatization initiative, PIA was acquired by the Arif Habib Group, marking a significant shift in the management of Pakistan's national airline.

Correct Answer: 2014

Pakistan was first granted the EU's GSP+ status in January 2014, providing Pakistani exports preferential tariff treatment in European markets in exchange for commitments on human rights and governance reforms.

Correct Answer: 11%

Pakistan's Tax-to-GDP ratio is approximately 11% as of recent fiscal years, which remains low compared to regional peers. Improving this ratio is a key target under the IMF program and economic reform agenda.

Correct Answer: European Union (EU)

The European Union is the largest destination for Pakistan's textile and garment exports, absorbing approximately 80% of Pakistan's total textile export value, aided significantly by the GSP+ preferential trade status.

Correct Answer: Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan signed an agreement to purchase JF-17 Thunder fighter jets manufactured jointly by Pakistan and China, strengthening defense cooperation between the two countries.

Correct Answer: Provinces and Judiciary

The 27th Constitutional Amendment introduced significant changes pertaining to provincial governance and the judiciary, building upon the judicial reforms introduced by the 26th Amendment.

Correct Answer: USA

The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) downgraded Pakistan's aviation safety rating, effectively removing Pakistan from its approved air safety category, citing concerns over the Civil Aviation Authority's oversight.

Correct Answer: Bangladesh

Pakistan's Foreign Minister visited Bangladesh after a diplomatic gap of approximately 13 years, signaling an effort to improve bilateral relations and normalize ties between the two countries.

Correct Answer: Floods

Both Pakistan and Bangladesh are highly vulnerable to annual flooding due to monsoon rains and their geography. Pakistan's Indus River basin and Bangladesh's low-lying delta make both nations among the most flood-prone in the world.

Correct Answer: Libya

General Khalifa Haftar was the commander of the Libyan National Army (LNA) and a dominant military and political figure in Libya. He was a central figure in the ongoing Libyan conflict.

Correct Answer: 12th February 2026

Bangladesh's general elections were scheduled to be held on 12th February 2026 under the interim government led by Muhammad Yunus, marking the country's return to democratic electoral process.

Correct Answer: Bangladeshi student leader

Usman Hadi was a Bangladeshi student leader who was reportedly killed by Indian intelligence operatives, creating significant diplomatic tensions between Bangladesh and India.

Correct Answer: USA

The United States, under President Donald Trump's second term, formally withdrew from the Paris Climate Agreement in 2025. This was the second time the US withdrew from the accord, having also done so during Trump's first term (2017–2021).

Correct Answer: Israel recognized it as an independent state

Somaliland made international headlines in 2025 when Israel formally recognized it as an independent state, a significant diplomatic development that strained relations between Israel and Somalia and the broader Arab League.

Correct Answer: Wetlands and Traditional Knowledge

The theme of World Wetlands Day 2026 (observed on February 2) was "Wetlands and Traditional Knowledge," highlighting the role of indigenous and local communities in conserving and sustainably managing wetland ecosystems.

Correct Answer: 11 Million Swedish Kronor

The Nobel Prize amount for 2025 was set at 11 million Swedish kronor (approximately USD 1 million) per prize category, continuing the amount established in recent years by the Nobel Foundation.

Correct Answer: 33%

According to international environmental standards and Pakistan's own environmental policy, a minimum of 33% forest cover is required for a country to maintain ecological balance and environmental stability.

Correct Answer: Stroma

Carbon fixation occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast during the Calvin Cycle (light-independent reactions), where CO2 is converted into glucose using ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions.

Correct Answer: Particulate matter

Photochemical smog primarily consists of ozone, aldehydes, peroxyacetyl nitrates (PANs), and nitrogen oxides formed by sunlight-driven reactions. Particulate matter is characteristic of industrial smog, not photochemical smog.

Correct Answer: Primary process of water treatment

Sedimentation is a primary physical water treatment process in which solid particles suspended in water settle to the bottom of a tank under gravity, clarifying the water before further treatment.

Correct Answer: All of these

Droughts contribute to wildfires through multiple mechanisms: they create arid, moisture-deficient conditions, dry out vegetation eliminating its natural fire resistance, and turn trees and shrubs into highly combustible fuel.

Correct Answer: Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most significant greenhouse gas responsible for maintaining Earth's temperature by absorbing and re-emitting infrared radiation, preventing heat from escaping into space.

Correct Answer: Restriction Enzymes

Restriction enzymes (also called restriction endonucleases) are molecular scissors that recognize and cut DNA at specific sequences called restriction sites. They are fundamental tools in genetic engineering.

Correct Answer: AUG

AUG is the universal start codon in mRNA that signals the ribosome to begin translation of a protein. It codes for the amino acid methionine and marks the beginning of every polypeptide chain.

Correct Answer: Silos

At dairy reception facilities, fresh milk is stored in large refrigerated silo tanks (silos) that maintain optimal temperature and hygiene conditions until it is processed for pasteurization and packaging.

Correct Answer: Tin

Food cans are made from steel coated with a thin layer of tin to prevent corrosion and rust. This is why food cans are commonly called "tin cans," even though the primary structural material is steel.

Correct Answer: Polypeptide chains

Enzymes are biological catalysts made up of polypeptide chains (proteins). Their three-dimensional protein structure, especially the active site, determines their specificity and catalytic function.

Correct Answer: Enzymes

Fruit ripening is primarily driven by enzymatic activity. Enzymes like cellulases, amylases, and pectinases break down cell walls and starches, softening the fruit and developing its flavor and color.

Correct Answer: Glucose and Fructose

Sucrose (common table sugar) is a disaccharide formed by a glycosidic bond between one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. It is produced naturally in plants through photosynthesis.

Correct Answer: Community

In ecology, a community refers to two or more populations of different species that coexist and interact in the same habitat or geographic area, forming a biotic unit.

Correct Answer: SiO2

Quartz has the chemical formula SiO2 (silicon dioxide). It is one of the most abundant minerals in Earth's crust and is a key component of sand, granite, and many other rocks.

Correct Answer: Anthracite

Anthracite is the purest and highest quality form of coal, containing 86–98% carbon and having the highest energy density. Lignite (brown coal) is the lowest quality with the least carbon content.

Correct Answer: Hydrogen bond

Water molecules are bonded to each other through hydrogen bonds — a relatively weak electrostatic attraction between the positively charged hydrogen of one molecule and the negatively charged oxygen of another.

Correct Answer: Nucleolus

The nucleolus is a dense region inside the cell nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and ribosomal subunits are assembled, earning it the name "ribosome factory."

Correct Answer: Earth

Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System with an average density of approximately 5.51 g/cm³. Its dense iron-nickel core and rocky mantle contribute to this high density.

Correct Answer: Solids

S-waves (shear waves) can only travel through solid materials because they require a medium that can resist shear stress. They cannot pass through liquids or gases, which is why the Earth's outer core (liquid) blocks S-waves.

Correct Answer: 5

There are 5 countries in Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan — all former Soviet republics that became independent in 1991.

Correct Answer: North America

Geographically, Greenland is part of the North American continent. Although it is an autonomous territory of Denmark (a European country), its landmass lies on the North American tectonic plate.

Correct Answer: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

10 Downing Street in London is the official residence and office of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. It has served as the PM's residence since 1735.

Correct Answer: Dard-e-Ashoob

Dard-e-Ashoob was NOT written by Faiz Ahmad Faiz. Faiz's notable works include Naqsh-e-Faryadi (1941), Zindan Naama (1956), and the famous poem Subh-e-Azadi. Dard-e-Ashoob belongs to another Urdu poet.

Correct Answer: Mukhtar Masood

"Awaz-e-Dost" (Voice of a Friend) is a celebrated Urdu prose work written by Mukhtar Masood, a senior Pakistani civil servant and literary figure, published in 1973.

Correct Answer: Politics and Governance

"Politics and Governance" was NOT written by Henry Kissinger. His notable works include Diplomacy (1994), World Order (2014), and On China (2011). He was a prominent American diplomat and foreign policy scholar.

Correct Answer: Nelson Mandela

"Long Walk to Freedom" is the autobiography of Nelson Mandela, published in 1994. It chronicles his life story from his rural childhood in South Africa to his 27 years in prison and eventual rise as the country's first democratically elected president.

Correct Answer: 5%

Nuclear energy accounts for approximately 5% of global total primary energy consumption. While it generates about 10% of the world's electricity, its share of total energy (including heat and transport) is around 5%.

Correct Answer: Iran

SAVAK was Iran's secret police and intelligence service, established in 1957 under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi with assistance from the CIA and Mossad. It was dissolved after the 1979 Iranian Revolution.

Correct Answer: Sheikh Ahmed Yassin

Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, a Palestinian cleric and quadriplegic activist, founded Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement) in December 1987 during the First Intifada. He was assassinated by Israel in March 2004.

Correct Answer: 5th June

World Environment Day is observed annually on 5th June, as designated by the United Nations in 1972. It is the largest global platform for environmental awareness and action.

Correct Answer: Gambia

The Gambia filed a case against Myanmar at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in November 2019 on behalf of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), alleging genocide against the Rohingya Muslim minority.

Correct Answer: Thailand

The Baht (THB) is the official currency of Thailand. Bhutan uses the Ngultrum, Sri Lanka uses the Rupee, and Maldives uses the Rufiyaa.

Correct Answer: Myanmar

The Kyat (MMK) is the official currency of Myanmar (formerly Burma). Thailand uses the Baht, Bhutan uses the Ngultrum, and Sri Lanka uses the Rupee.

Correct Answer: Algeria

Ahmed Ben Bella was the first President of Algeria (1963–1965) after the country gained independence from France. He was a key leader of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN).

Correct Answer: Saudi Arabia

Sheikh Abdul Aziz ibn Baz (1912–1999) was a renowned Saudi Islamic scholar who served as the Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia from 1993 until his death in 1999.

Correct Answer: Bangladesh

Bangladesh is NOT a member of ECO. The 10 ECO member states are Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

Correct Answer: Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize NOT awarded in Sweden. It is awarded annually in Oslo, Norway, as per Alfred Nobel's will. All other Nobel Prizes (Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, and Economics) are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden.

Correct Answer: Address Resolution Protocol

ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol. It is a communication protocol used to map an IP address (Layer 3) to a physical MAC address (Layer 2) on a local network.

Correct Answer: Unlimited

Microsoft PowerPoint does not impose a hard limit on the number of slides in a presentation. In practice, performance may slow with very large files, but there is no fixed maximum slide count.

Correct Answer: Helix Humanoid

The Helix Humanoid is an AI-powered robotic system designed to handle and execute upper-body manipulation tasks, enabling it to work alongside humans in warehouse and industrial environments.

Correct Answer: Embedded AI

Embedded AI refers to artificial intelligence algorithms integrated directly into hardware devices or robotic systems, enabling them to process data and make decisions in real time without requiring cloud connectivity.

Correct Answer: Security fixes and bug resolution

A software patch is a set of changes applied to a program to improve it, fix security vulnerabilities, or correct bugs without requiring a complete software reinstallation.

Correct Answer: Firmware

Firmware is a type of software permanently stored in a hardware device's non-volatile memory (ROM or flash). It provides the low-level control program for the device's specific hardware, such as a router or printer.

Correct Answer: Convert source code into machine code

A compiler is a program that translates high-level source code written by a programmer into low-level machine code (binary) that a computer's processor can execute directly.

Correct Answer: 1971

The first email was sent in 1971 by Ray Tomlinson, who also introduced the use of the "@" symbol to separate the user name from the host name in email addresses.

Correct Answer: Larry Ellison

Oracle Corporation was co-founded by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner, and Ed Oates in 1977. It became one of the world's largest database management and enterprise software companies.

Correct Answer: Line Chart

A line chart is the most effective chart for showing trends and changes in data over a continuous time period, as it connects data points with lines to visualize progression.

Correct Answer: Array

An Array is the most fundamental data structure that stores elements of the same data type in contiguous (adjacent) memory locations, allowing efficient access via index.

Correct Answer: CRT

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitors emit light in all directions from the phosphor screen, providing a wide viewing angle close to 180°, unlike older LCD panels which suffered from narrow viewing angles.

Correct Answer: A ∩ B = ∅ (their intersection is an empty set)

For mutually exclusive events, A and B cannot occur simultaneously. Therefore, their intersection A ∩ B is an empty set (∅), meaning P(A ∩ B) = 0.

Correct Answer: 300

If 45% = 135 boys, then total = 135 ÷ 0.45 = 300. Therefore, the total number of students who participated in the competition is 300.

Correct Answer: 20%

Percentage increase = [(90 − 75) / 75] × 100 = [15 / 75] × 100 = 20%. The rope increased in length by 20%.

Correct Answer: λ = ln(2) / T½

The decay constant λ is related to half-life T½ by the formula λ = ln(2) / T½, where ln(2) ≈ 0.693. This means a shorter half-life corresponds to a larger decay constant and faster decay.

Correct Answer: 96 cm²

Volume = a³ = 64 → a = 4 cm. Surface Area = 6a² = 6 × (4)² = 6 × 16 = 96 cm². The total painted surface area of the cube is 96 cm².

Correct Answer: 720

10! / 7! = (10 × 9 × 8 × 7!) / 7! = 10 × 9 × 8 = 720. Only the three extra factorial terms need to be multiplied.

Correct Answer: Muhammad Ali Bogra

Muhammad Ali Bogra was not part of Pakistan's first cabinet. He later became Prime Minister in 1953. Pakistan's first cabinet (1947) was led by PM Liaqat Ali Khan and included Zafarullah Khan, Malik Ghulam Muhammad, and others.

Correct Answer: Nurul Amin

Nurul Amin is the only person to have served as Vice President of Pakistan. He briefly held the position in December 1971, when Z.A. Bhutto was President, but the office was abolished shortly afterwards.

Correct Answer: Dir

The Lowari Top (Lowari Pass) is a high-altitude mountain pass in the Dir district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It lies on the route connecting the Dir valley (accessible from Peshawar) to Chitral.

Correct Answer: 2019

The Kartarpur Corridor was inaugurated on November 9, 2019, on the occasion of the 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, allowing Sikh pilgrims from India to visit Gurdwara Darbar Sahib in Pakistan visa-free.

Correct Answer: Fishing Industry

The fishing industry is the primary economic activity along the coastlines of Balochistan (Makran Coast) and Sindh (Arabian Sea coast), supporting millions of livelihoods and contributing significantly to Pakistan's seafood exports.

Correct Answer: Article 184

The 26th Constitutional Amendment modified Article 184 of the Constitution of Pakistan to create provisions for a Constitutional Bench within the Supreme Court for adjudicating constitutional matters.

Correct Answer: Hopefulness about the future with reservations

"Cautiously optimistic" means having a positive and hopeful outlook about the future while remaining aware of potential risks and uncertainties. It reflects measured confidence rather than blind optimism.